Bibliography

Works Cited

Byrd, Joseph. “Whitewashing Blackface Minstrelsy In American College Textbooks.” Popular Music & Society 32.1 (2009): 77-86. Academic Search Complete. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

Examination of reluctance to confront previous blackface concepts. Delivers important reconciliation of past cultural environment and current trends and advances in racial positioning and equality.

Gabrilla Varró. Hungarian Journal of English and American Studies (HJEAS) , Vol. 2, No. 1, AMERICAN STUDIES ISSUE (1996) , pp. 57-71

Discusses semiotic significance of the blackface phenomenon. Integral exploration, as the symbolic and communicative value of blackface is the core component of both its history and controversy.

Lensmire, T. J., and N. Snaza. “What Teacher Education Can Learn From Blackface Minstrelsy.” Educational Researcher 39.5 (2010): 413-22. Print.

Examines racial dynamics that parallel blackface concepts. Unique look at mental conditioning and cultural underpinnings that influence racial relations and communication.

Lott, Eric. “The Seeming Counterfeit”: Racial Politics and Early Blackface Minstrelsy. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

Provides historical context of minstrel reaction. Explores societal pressures that minstrelsy both addressed and interacted with.

MACAULAY, By ALASTAIR. “Astaire The Artist, Even in Blackface.” The New York Times. (January 30, 2011 Sunday ). LexisNexis Academic. Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

Exemplifies minstrelsy in entertainment, in this cases a contrast between one talented performer and another. Provides insight into the audience perspective of minstrel concepts in entertainment.

Mahar, William J. Behind the Burnt Cork Mask: Early Blackface Minstrelsy and Antebellum American Popular Culture. Urbana: University of Illinois, 1999. Print.

Delineates minstrelsy concepts and origins. Connects to the cultural elements that made minstrelsy a success at the time.

Nowatzki, Robert. “Paddy Jumps Jim Crow: Irish-Americans And Blackface Minstrelsy.” Eire-Ireland 41.3/4 (2006): 162-184. Humanities Full Text (H.W. Wilson). Web. 26 Feb. 2014.

Provides historical context of minstrel origins. Especially relevant is it’s examination of the intersection of Irish and African cultural constants that become a recurring theme in vernacular dance development as well as entertainment.

Taylor, Yuval, and Jake Austen. Darkest America: Black Minstrelsy from Slavery to Hip-hop. New York: W. W. Norton, 2012. Print.

Retrospective examination of minstrel themes. Delineates re-occurrences and consistencies of minstrel themes to underscore their impact and relevance.